Bordering On Aggression

The United States has long planned war on Canada and those plans have long identified the Upper St. Lawrence River-Kingston to Cornwall-as the most strategic point of attack on Canada. For example, Prescott was identified in 1888 as a key point of invasion. The 1893 plan of attack recommended a sudden winter offensive and a crossing of the St. Lawrence to capture the Rideau Canal and Ottawa. In 1896, U.S. Secretary of the Navy ordered Commodore Gridly (of "damn the torpedoes and full-steam ahead" fame) to spy out Canadian defenses and prepare a plan of invasion. He recommended that the attack start below Ogdensburg, near the present site of Fort Drum. This was to have been a surprise attack, even before a declaration of war, just as the Japanese did at Pearl Harbor.

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Invasion plans for 1909, by an officer trained at the Fort Drum site, emphasized a rapid attack across the St. Lawrence. The 1910 war games at the base were headlined in a New York city newspaper as "Canadian Army Crushed." The U.S. Army and Navy Journal said that was just a joke. In 1911, speaking about the Taft-Laurier free trade agreement, President Taft said that "talk of annexation is bosh," a "joke." The 1912 invasion plan identified Kingston as Canada's most strategic city, but recommended a crossing at Cornwall, where there was a bridge. In 1913 detailed operational plans called for an invasion force to muster at Moira, New York. The 1914 plans emphasized again the importance of the Kingston region.

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